SONG Bo et al.................................................................................................95
On the Paleolithic-Age lithic tools unearthed at the Cangfangpotou locality, Xixia

Abstract：In September 2020, the Nanyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Archaeology School of Jilin University conducted a survey targeting at Paleolithic-Age remains in Xixia. 14 Paleolithic-Age localities and more than 400 lithic tools were found. 23 processed lithic artifacts were discovered at the Cangfangpotou locality, including 9 cores, 3 flakes and 11 tools. Hard-hammer percussion made the main flaking technique. Quartz made the dominant raw material. According to its geomorphology and stone-artifact characteristics, this locality should have been in use around the Early phase of the late Pleistocene.

SHAO Anding et al....................................................................................100
On the manufacturing techniques of the decorating flanges on the bronze vessels unearthed from the Shigushan cemetery, Baoji

Abstract：In recent years, considerable attentions have been given to the bronze vessels unearthed from the Shigushan cemetery, due to their clear date, diverse styles and complex cultural identity. The manufacturing techniques of the decorating flanges on the bronze vessels are examined in this paper. Four types of techniques are found, including integral cast without mould joins, integral cast with mould joins in the middle of the flanges, integral cast with mould joins beside the flanges and fixing separately-cast flanges on the body. The correlations among the manufacturing techniques with the style, scale of flanges and the cultural identity of the vessels are discussed.

LIU Shumei..................................................................................................107
On the Lanqi depictions unearthed from Xuzhou

Abstract：“Lanqi”referred to weapon racks in the Han Dynasty. In recent years, a number of stone reliefs with Lanqi motifs have been unearthed in Xuzhou, depicting various weapons such as knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, crossbows, and shields. Synthesizing historical documents, unearthed weapons and the" martial art competition depiction" in Han-Dynasty stone reliefs, we could decipher the weapon types and how to use them in the Han Dynasty. Most of the information and images have never been released, which would shed light on the weapon system of the Han Dynasty.

SONG Ge......................................................................................................119
On the transformation of the costume colors in the Han-Dynasty
cultural relics and the mechanism

Abstract：The Western-Han-Dynasty costumes featured black, dotted with red. The portion of the red color increased during the Xinmang period, which also became more diversified and visualized. The author argues that the Han-period colors were rooted in the cosmology of Yin-and-Yang, the Chu culture, and the Daoism and Confucianism concepts.

WEI Guo....................................................................................................124
On the tiger-shaped tallies of Marquis Daifang from Dongping

Abstract：Tiger-shaped tallies were unearthed from Dongping County, Shandong Province. They were intact, with clear inscriptions indicating time and place. They belonged to Marquis Daifang of the Jin Dynasty, which are rare and significant for understanding military and political institutions then. The author argues that they should have been carried along by Duke Dong ’an, when he was exiled to Daifang County. That they were discovered at Dongping should have been related to Duke Dongping, SIMA You.

ZHAO Li....................................................................................................127
On the Maitreya motif in the Kizil grottoes

Abstract：at Kizil Grottoes, Bodhisattva preaching image was depicted on the front wall of the main chamber of most of the central-pillar caves and part of the square caves.For a long time, scholars generally believed these images represented Maitreya Bodhisattva preaching in the Tusita heaven. In addition, at some central-pillar caves, a sitting Bodhisattva was painted in the niche of the main wall of main chamber, which is also regarded as Maitreya Bodhisattva traditionally. We have researched the Bodhisattva view of Kucha Buddhism and focused the attitude of Sarvāstivāda about Maitreya Bodhisattva. Through discussing the image of Maitreya Bodhisattva preaching in the Tusita heaven, we consider the figure of Bodhisattva at the front wall and the niche of the main chamber are not Maitreya but Sakya Bodhisattva.

SUN Yu....................................................................................................137
Reanalyzing the nature of the construction at the HAN Qi tomb

Abstract：Two constructions were unearthed at the Hanqi burial in 2009. A comparative study shows that the one next to burial M1 should have been for worship, which was established simultaneously with the Hanqi burial. Due to the lack of an overall plan, it was dismantled at the construction of M3. According to historical documents, Emperor Shenzong endowed Hanqi with the Baoxian temple as his merit and virtue temple, with an ancestral temple built in. No other architecture was established in affiliation with the Hanqi burial. The historical records indicated that the temple was destroyed in warfare, which was accord with archaeological discoveries. It further shows that the large foundation adjacent to the Hanqi burial should have been part of his merit and virtue temple. Combining the unearthed remains, it should have been the hall of the merit and virtue temple.