WANG Xiaohui
On the status of the tomb occupant of the Qianjingtou burial in
Luoyang of the Western Han Dynasty............................................................83

Abstract：Based on an analysis of the prefix“Da”before surnames of the Han Dynasty, the author
investigates and compares noble mausoleums of the Han period, including the Mausoleum of Marquis Haihun,
the Western-Han burial at Hongtushan, the Fengxiyuan cemetery of the Western Han period, the No. 2
cliff-cave tomb at Tongshan-Guishan, and burials in the two-capital region that are similar with the tomb
CM1231 at Qianjingtou. The author argues that the tomb occupant of burial CM1231 at Qianjingtou may have
been a marquis, a prefecture chief or a member of the Liu royal clan.

ZHANG Hongliang
On the date and nature of the tombe No. 6 at Xingyuan, Yanshi...................89

Abstract：The author identifies at least 15 cases of misuse of inscriptions between Buddha and Bodhisattva,
regarding the early gold/copper Buddha statues and steles. The cases could be grouped into six categories, the
phenomenon of which ranged from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty for nearly 100 years. In
the late sixth century, the name confusion between the Buddha and Bodhisattva was related to the
transformation from the lotus-gesture Guanyin to the fearless-gesture Guanyin. The Guanshiyin Pumen Pin
translated by Kumarashi contributed to the emergence of the fearless-gesture Guanyin and Buddha-attired
Guanyin. The confusion between Buddha and Bodhisattva statues could be traced back to the period of early
Indian Buddha statues, the phenomenon of which was existent through more than a millennium history of the
Chinese Buddhism statue.

LI Xingwei
A new interpretation of the nature of the Hongshan-culture jade................96

Abstract：The special jade artifacts from Lingjiatan, featuring the jade plate, and a large number of incised
motifs on pottery reveal that the celestial-pole ideology recorded in pre-Qin texts should have emerged in the
prehistory. The ideology centers the celestial pole, which could be visually manifested by octagonal stars,
knots and animal faces with tusks. The divine bird could support the celestial pole, with the pigs closely
relevant with the operation of the celestial pole. The high elites of the Hongshan culture, based on the
Lingjiatan primitive ideology, developed a new religion and ritual system, which was materialized by special
jade artifacts. Consequently, the Hongshan elites gained prestige and power to construct a large-scale
complex society. Such political practice had profound impacts on the formation of the early state of the
Liangzhu culture.

LI Shuicheng
An investigation of the ox-horn-shaped artifact and the bronze mao..........105

Abstract： In 2000, an ox-horn-shaped bronze object was unearthed from the tomb No. 54 at
Huayuanzhuangdongdi in Anyang. Analogous objects were also found in the Dalizhuang cemetery in Miaokou
Town, Qixian County, Henan. This kind of objects is generally 1.5～1.6 m in length. Considering their lack of
sharp edges and low occurrence, they may have been employed as ceremonial weaponry in the ritual context.
They first appeared in the Near East and were probably related to the bull cult, which was rooted in the cattle
domestication. Along with the East-West cultural exchanges, they were transmitted to the Central Plains of
China. In 1970s, a number of duck-head-shaped bronze objects were uncovered from multiple large tombs of
the early Western Zhou period in Baoji, Shaanxi. Their function should be analogous to the pole tops, which
were important symbols of the royal power during the early Western Zhou period.

FENG Shi
An interpretation of the guai and she artifacts............................................113

Abstract：Both guai and she artifacts were employed in the ancient she ritual. As for the relation between
guai and she, there are a lot of mistakes from the Qing Dynasty. The author conducts a comprehensive
research, which investigates the bronze inscriptions on the Quecao tripod ding and the Kuang kettle you,
together with textual records and archaeological data. He argues that guai and she should have been different
in style and function. The guai artifact was used to pull a bow string, while the she artifact was employed to
release a string. Guai was generally made by jade, while she was crafted by gold, jade, bone, or, more
commonly, out of leather. The guai and she used by the Zhou kings should have been made out of elephant
bones, which is accord with historical records.

CAO Jinyan
On the newly discovered sword of a Wu-state King...................................120

Abstract：A sword of a Wu king, dating to the Spring and Autumn period, was discovered recently at Linfen,
Shanxi. 10 inscriptions of the bird and worm style were carved, inlaid with gold and silver. The inscriptions
indicate the Wu king, whose name is carved on the sword, should be the same with that carved on a sword in
the collection of the Wuxi Museum. According to the known Wu kings recorded in the bronze ware
inscriptions, the Wu king inscribed on the sword should be King Liao. This discovery also contributes to the
paleography study.

YAO Chenchen et al.
A preliminary study of the newly collected sword of King Guang of
the Wu state in the Suzhou Museum..............................................124

Abstract：A new sword of King Guang of the Wu state entered the collection of the Suzhou Museum
recently. It bears eight inscriptions, the style of which is distinctive from previously collected swords of King
Guang. The shape of the sword has contributed to a new perspective into the related study. A stroke in a
character is missing, and the ending strokes have the bird and worm inscription style, both of which shed
light on the paleography study.

HE Zhiguo
On the name confusion between early Buddha and Bodhisattva statues.......................................................................................130

Abstract：The author identifies at least 15 cases of misuse of inscriptions between Buddha and Bodhisattva,
regarding the early gold/copper Buddha statues and steles. The cases could be grouped into six categories, the
phenomenon of which ranged from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty for nearly 100 years. In
the late sixth century, the name confusion between the Buddha and Bodhisattva was related to the
transformation from the lotus-gesture Guanyin to the fearless-gesture Guanyin. The Guanshiyin Pumen Pin
translated by Kumarashi contributed to the emergence of the fearless-gesture Guanyin and Buddha-attired
Guanyin. The confusion between Buddha and Bodhisattva statues could be traced back to the period of early
Indian Buddha statues, the phenomenon of which was existent through more than a millennium history of the
Chinese Buddhism statue.

LI Jingjie
An analysis of the iron Buddha statue of the Yuan Dynasty at
Nanzhang Village, Fuping County..............................................139

Abstract：The iron statue of Buddha at Nanzhang Village, Fuping County, Shaanxi was made in 1181 in the
Dading period of the Jin Dynasty, which is the highest iron-cast statue made around the medieval time. Its
construction was funded by a low-rank official LI Fu and others, crafted by QI Zhong and other craftsmen.
The Buddha statue is solemn and vivid, which reflects the distinctive style of the Jin Dynasty and the superb
casting technology then.