Nanyang Municipal Museum of the Han-Dynasty Motif et al.
The Excavation of the Eastern-Zhou Cemetery at Libamiao,
Nanyang...................................................................................................04

Abstract：From 2018 to 2019, the Nanyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated 197 burials at Libamiao of Nanyang, which yielded pottery, bronze, lead, tin, jade,  stone artifacts. Among all the burials，tomb M45 and tomb M59 were comparatively large，with horse and chariot pits. Two bronze ge with the Shenbo inscriptions were unearthed from burial M45. Tomb occupants of the Libamiao cemetery might have been the people of the Shen kingdom after it was taken by the Chu. The dating of this cemetery should be from the late phase of early Spring and Autumn to the late period of the Spring and Autumn, or even later. It contributes greatly to understanding correlations between the Chu and Shen.

Ningxia Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics and
Archaeology，
The Excavation of the Northern-Wei Burial at the Southern Suburb
of Guyuan.....................................................................................................21

Abstract：In 2005, the Ningxia Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated four Northern-Wei-Dynasty tombs at Nanyuan, Guyuan. The burials, constructed by bricks, are all of a single chamber and with a passage. Accompanying goods unearthed include pottery kettle, patter jar, inscribed bricks, agate beads, crystal artifacts and so on, which contribute to the knowledge of funerary customs of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Bricks with the Xiping inscriptions provide new chronological criteria for the Northern-Wei-Dynasty burials in Ningxia. Four Persian silver coins have come to light, which reflect the prosperity of interactions and exchanges along the Silk Routes.

Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural-Relics Preservation，
The Excavation of the Yuanshu Tomb of the Tang Dynasty at the
Southern Suburb of Xi'an..............................................................31

Abstract：In 2012, the Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Preservation excavated a burial in the southern suburb of Xi'an, the tomb occupant of which is Yuan Shu, the wife of a high official Zhang Jun in the Tang Dynasty and a granddaughter of Yuan Dashi in Henan. 21 female figurines were unearthed. 10 of the figurines were in good condition, exceptionally delicate and of sophisticate techniques in comparison with other figurines. The author compares them with characteristic female figurines and portraits in mural paintings of the same time, to investigate the development of female image in the early period of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty.

Zhengzhou University，School of History and Xi'an Municipal Institute
of Cultural-Relics Preservation，
The Excavation of Master Jiangxihuang of Shangqingdadong at the
Southern Suburb of Xi'an...............................................................42

Abstract：In August of 2018, the Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in collaboration with the School of History, Zhengzhou University, excavated 15 burials at the Space Industry Base in Xi'an. Burial M13 is a shaft-pit tomb, from which an epitaph, guarding bricks, ceramic calix, pottery figurines and horse miniatures have been unearthed. According to the epitaph, the tomb occupant is the Taoist priest Jiang Xihuang of the Shangqing Dadong, who passed away in AD 791 during the Tang Dynasty. This burial contributes greatly to the knowledge of funerary customs and Taoism in the Tang Dynasty.


Fu Yongxu，
On the Origin of Pottery from the Niupodong Cave，Guizhou...................49

Abstract：Pottery vessels have been discovered in the fourth period of the Niupogou site, which feature flat bottoms and are absent of other forms. Obviously, they should be of the flat-bottom tradition. The pottery wares, fired at a high temperature, are thin in texture. The motifs applied on the surface are of comparatively mature techniques. They reflect comparatively sophisticated craftsmanship, and are beyond the preliminary stage. Considering the absence of earlier pottery in this region, it is possible that those pottery wares may not have originated locally.

Wen Chenghao，
On the Socio-Economic Factors in the Funeral Process.............................58

Abstract：Burial analysis makes an important part of archaeological research. All mortuary remains is the consequence of funerary ceremony. It is important to note that funeral is dominated by the living. Traditional mortuary analysis focuses on burial goods, which has largely ignored the funerary ceremony. Therefore, to investigate the funerary ceremony and the related socio-economic factors would be the key to probe into the prehistoric society. This article, by employing a ritual economy perspective, analyzes the Bronze-Age secondary burials at the Donghuishan site in the Hexi corridor, aiming at revealing the underlying socio-economic mechanism.

Yan Hui，
On the Two Spatial Concepts of the Luoyang Basin and their
Relations with the Archaeology of Luoyi Chengzhou..................................66

Abstract: Two spatial concepts, which could be traced back to the Duke of Zhou, have been associated with the Luoyang basin. When the Duke of Zhou established the Luo settlement, he chose the Chan-Jian interfluve over the traditional Luorui and Yirui region. After the founding of the Luo settlement in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the term Xia became a unique one referring specifically to the Chan-Jian interfluve. Thereafter, the two spatial concepts of the Luoyang basin came into being. At the eastward relocation of the Zhou royal house to the Luoyang Basin, a new capital was founded to the west of the old Luo settlement, which is also known as Wangcheng,  Zhou, Chengzhou and Jingshi. Its location is also in the Jian region. A new Chengzhou settlement was founded in the 10th year of the Jing king. Ever since then, the Zhou became a plural concept of two regions, while the term Wangcheng is separated from Chengzhou. Two geographic concepts were developed out of the twin capitals during the Warring States period, which are Henan and Luoyang. The bipartite ideology was continued in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The term Zhou, as a geographic name, involves sophisticated political connotations, which is similar with Jingshi, a capital city. Chengzhou is the refined form of Zhou. The terms, Zhou, Chengzhou and the capital of the Zhou King, are all inter-related.

Li Yinde，
On the Mausoleum of the Jiangdu King and Queen of the Western
Han Dynasty.....................................................................................................77

Abstract：Excavations at the mausoleum of the Jiangdu king, Liu Fei, of the Western Han dynasty have yielded significant discoveries from 2009 to 2012. The discoveries have corrected the mistake of the reign time of Liu Fei in historical documents，and proved the record in The History of the Han Dynasty. The scale of the king's tomb (M1) is generally the same with the queen's tomb (M8), but in great contrast to the other queen's burial (M2). The character lian on the lacquer ware may not be the surname of the tomb occupant in M2. After Liu Fei's death, the general seal of Liu Fei was not handed back to the Han court or buried with him, but handed down to Liu Jian.