The Luoyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology………04
The survey of the Luoyang trench at Yanshi, Luoyang

Abstract：From September 2013 to August 2014, the Luoyang Municipal Institute of Archaeology conducted a survey to trench remains to the west of the Yanshi Shang City site. A number of pits were unearthed, from which tiles, pottery, shell artifacts and lithic tools came to light. According to the discoveries, the trench may have been used to channel floods, which dated no later than the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty. This survey have contributed to the ancient water systems at Luoyang.


Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Xuchang Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics and Archaeology……….……...............11
The excavation of the Han-period burials at Foergang, Xuchang

Abstract：The Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with our institute, conducted an excavation at Foergang in December 2019. 156 burials came to light. The most representative Han-period burials, M15, M146 and M156, were all damaged. Yet seventeen pottery wares, two bronze wares and a copper coin were unearthed. They made an important contribution to understand the chronological changes of the Han-period burials at Xuchang.


Zhoukou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology…….....…17
The excavation of the Han-period burials at the Zhongyuan Road, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou

Abstract：In August 2017, a salvage excavation was conducted by the Zhoukou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology at the Zhongyuan Road, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou. A Western Han Dynasty burial was unearthed, from which 26 epitaphs came to light. The burial is well preserved, which contributes greatly to our understanding of this period.


Zhengzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology…………21
The excavation of the Yangzhi burial of the Tang Dynasty at Zhengzhou

Abstract： The burial of YANG Zhi, excavated in 2005, is one of three early Tang burials found at Zhengzhou so far. The tomb occupant was of the zhangshi rank, which was slights subordinate to ZHAO Mingde of the cishi rank discovered at Xingyang. Though looted, most artifacts were preserved in the burial. The large size and diverse ceramic figurines unearthed indicated the middle rank official of the Tang Dynasty, which contributed valuable data to the study of Tang burials in the Zheng-Luo region.


Liu Li and Maureece Levin et al.  ……………..........................….………...31
Functions of ceramic and stone tools related to ritual and subsistence activities at the Shimao site

Abstract：Shimao was a regional center in an early stage of urbanization in northern China 4,000 years ago. In this paper, we analyzed the use-wear traces and residues on 19 pottery and stone tools unearthed at the East Gate and the Hanjiagedan residential locality to investigate the diversity of economic and political activities in different areas of the Shimao site. The results show similarities and differences in tool function between the two locations, which to some extent represent the characteristics of people's activities in the two places. Stone knives and pestles in the East Gate have the attributes of kitchen tools, including for making fermented beverages, which may have been related to preparing meals for feasting events. Various types of pottery and stone tools from Hanjiagedan exhibit complicated functions: some were dedicated tools for harvesting grains, processing bast fibers, or processing millet; some were kitchen knives; and some were multifunctional tools. Several tools also show the characteristics of processing fermented foods. The raw materials for making fermented foods mainly include Monascus mold, rice, millet and Triticeae plants, probably related to the brewing of red qu beer and other foods. These results enrich our understanding of the ceremonial function of the East Gate and the subsistence mode of the residential area at Shimao, and help to further explore the division of socio-economic activities in different sectors of the site in the early stage of urban development.


XIA Hongru and GAO Jiangtao…………………….....…….……………52
On the burial custom of inhuming pig mandibles in the Taosi cemetery

Abstract：Taosi was the most typical site where pig mandibles were important in burials during the Longshan period in the middle Yellow River area. The special burial custom was only found in the Taosi Capital site in the Jinnan Basin of the Taosi culture. In the early period of the Taosi cemetery, the tomb occupants buried with pig mandibles had high social ranks. The large number of pig mandibles may have been mortuary gifts from mourners, who may have been related in kinship with the tomb occupants. In addition, through diachronic changes, pig mandibles became part of the low-status tombs in the late Taosi period, to ward off evil spirits.

WEI Jiyin and WANG Zhiyuan………………………………....………….61
On the origin of the deep-belly pots and tripods of the Xinzhai Culture

Abstract：Deep-belly pots made the majority.in the Xinzhai culture, Wangwan phase Ⅲ culture and the Zaolvtai culture. The deep-belly pots of the Xinzhai cultural can be divided into two categories: those with groove along the mouth surface and those without groove along the mouth surface, accounting for 38.9% and 61.1%, respectively. Deep-belly pots with groove along the mouth surface were very rare in the Wangwan phase Ⅲ culture and only existed in very few sites. To the contrary, the number and proportion of deep-belly pots became very high at each site of the Zaolvtai culture, with a total proportion up to more than 74%. The deep-belly pot with groove along the mouth surface in the Zaolvtai culture was earlier than that in the Xinzhai culture. Evidently, the deep-belly pots with groove along the mouth surface in Xinzhai culture should be mainly derived from the Zaolvtai culture. The side-mounted triangular flat foot tripod ranks the third in the number of Xinzhai cultural pottery. In the Wangwan phase Ⅲ culture, the number of such artifacts was very small and appeared in the late period, while, in the Zaolvtai culture, the number was large and appeared in the early period. In terms of details, the side-mounted triangular flat-footed tripod of the Xinzhai culture was characteristic of dents on the outside and groove along the mouth, which was absent in the Wangwan phase Ⅲ culture, but common in the Zaolvtai culture. It is obvious that the side-mounted triangular flat-footed tripod of the Xinzhai culture should have mainly derived from the Zaolvtai culture.


CHEN Jie…………………………………………………………………….71
The location zi and the Huan River of the late Shang period

Abstract：It was argued that the Huan River recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions referred to the Anyang River in today’s Linzhou, while the related ziyi referring to the Yinxu capital. However, ziyi, according to Zuozhuan, should be in today’s Shandong, while the Huan River, according to Shuowen Jiezi, should be in the middle of the Qi state and the Lu state. The famous Huan Fang and Huan lineage were also located in the eastern lands.