Zhengzhou University，School of History et al.
A Preliminary Report of the Yangshao-culture Relics from the Xiaodian Site，Baofeng.........................................................................................................04

Abstract：In 2008, to cooperate with the construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion project, the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with the Pingdingshan Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage, conducted a salvage excavation at the Xiaodian site, Baofeng. Cultural remains of the Yangshao, Erlitou, Shang and Zhou periods came to light, featuring the Yangshao remains. The relics of the Yangshao culture include trenches, residences, pits and so on. The remains are mainly pottery, with a few stone tools and bone tools. A comprehensive analysis indicates this site should be an early Yangshao settlement, which is significant for the understanding of the distribution and transmission of the Yangshao culture.

Zhoukou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
A Preliminary Report of three Burials of the Eastern Han Dynasty at the Zhoukou Port Area...........................................................................................15

Abstract：In 2017, the Zhoukou Municipal Institute of Archaeology excavated three tombs of the Eastern Han period at the port area of Zhoukou. The three brick-chambered burials were in the polygon shape. Though looted, up to 30 artifacts were unearthed, which mainly consisted of pottery, with some bronze and iron items. The discoveries have yielded new material evidence regarding mortuary customs and daily life in southeastern Henan during the late Eastern Han period.

Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
A Preliminary Report of the Mural Painting Burial of the ZHANG Sijiu Couple of the Tang Dynasty at Hansenzhai Xi'an............................................26

Abstract：In 2018, the Xi'an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Preservation and Archaeology excavated a Tang-Dynasty burial with mural paintings, located near the cross of the Hansen Road and the Gongyuan Road of Xi'an. According to the epitaph, the tomb occupant was the wife of ZHANG Sijiu, a military person killed in battle.Their son became an eunuch of Emperor Xuan. The mural paintings consist of cranes, maids and pets. The pet dogs drawn on the passage and the north wall of the burial chamber manifest the glorious age of the Tang Dynasty. This burial contributes greatly to the understanding of relationships with the Western Regions,the evocation burial custom of the Tang Dynasty and the eunuch system.

Zhengzhou Municipal Museum and Zhengzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
A Preliminary Report of the No.1 Mural Painting Burial at Shangzhuang， Zhengzhou.........................................................................................................38

Abstract：The No. 1 mural painting burial at Shangzhuang, Zhengzhou, was one of the two brick-built tombs with mural paintings found in Zhengzhou in recent years. Though only the bottom part left, the brick carvings were special, which contribute greatly to the mural paintings of the Song Dynasty in the Zhengzhou region.

CAO Fangfang
On the Tradition and Development of Jade in the Prehistoric Central Plains.................................................................................................................44

Abstract：Based on the archaeological discoveries of jade artifacts at different stages of the prehistoric Central Plains, this article analyzes their combination, chronological and spatial distribution and style differences, in order to probe into their social functions, related ideology and developmental history. From the Peiligang period to the Longshan period, the jade culture in the Central Plains went through a process from zero to prosperity. The Central Plains, though not a hometown to the jade culture, absorbed external influences and developed its jade tradition rapidly. The second-mover advantage went hand in hand with the Central-Plains centered trend, which led to the converge, fusion and widespread of prehistoric jade culture in the Central Plains. The Central Plains became a transit hub to the north and the west. More importantly, the Central Plains tradition further contributed to jade as an essential element of early ritual civilization, which became a legacy in the historical period.

SHAO Jing
On the Long-distance Interactions between the Shimao Culture and the Post-Shijiahe Culture..............................................................................................59

Abstract：Recent archaeological discoveries have revealed interactions between the Shimao culture and the post-Shijiahe culture around 4000 BP, which were most evident in jade zhang, eagle hairpins, tiger-head jade artifacts. The connection route might be along the Ordos region, the Guangzhong basin, the Nanyang basin and the corridor in the Jianghan basin. The interactions might have been among the elites.

DU Jinpeng
On the Inscription Yu in the Shang Dynasty.....................................................67

Abstract：The character“jade”of the Shang Dynasty was a depiction of the jade stick bingxingqi.“Jade” was the most fundamental jade ritual artifact in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, which should have made the handle for jade zan in the Guan ritual. The ideology of“jade”may have formed in the Xia Dynasty, which was an important element and symbol of the dynastic civilization.

YAN Hui
On the Spatial Structure of the Qin and Han Royal Mausoleums....................79

Abstract：The Han-Dynasty mausoleums continued the tradition of the Qin Dynasty. The emperor-mausoleum space of the Qin and Han Dynasties consists of four systems: the underground and the sacrifice systems made the core of the construction ideology, while the above ground facilities and constructions made the extension. The underground was for the soul po to rest. The above ground space was for the soul hun to settle and for the living to sacrifice and to guard. The duality of soul during the Qin and Han periods contributed to the duality of the emperor mausoleum then, the system of which was first established in the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin. The inhumation and sacrifice system was most distinctive, which differed from mausoleums of any other dynasty.