Luoyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Luoyang Municipal Bureau of the Mountain Mang mausoleums....................................04
The excavation of the Eastern-Zhou-Dynasty Burial at Shenglong Square in Xigong District, Luoyang

Abstract：In December 2010, the former Luoyang Archaeological Team excavated a Eastern Zhou Dynasty tomb in the northwest of the Eastern Zhou Capital site in Xigong District, Luoyang. The tomb, labeled C1M10564, was a vertical shaft pit tomb and rectangular in shape. It contained two outer coffins and an inner coffin and yielded bronze tripods, plates, yi（gourd-shaped ladle）, zhou vessel, ge dagger-axe, hui and xia chariot facilities, as well as pottery pots, jade and stone objects. The tomb is dated to the middle to late Spring and Autumn Period and its occupant was a nobleman. The excavation of the tomb provides new material for the study of city layout, tomb distribution of the capital city in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Yangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology..................10
The excavation of burials M7, M134 of the Western Han Dynasty at Suzhuang, Yangzhou

Abstract：From July to November 2011, the Yangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated a cemetery of the Han period at Suzhuang. 85 tombs were unearthed. Burials M7 and M134, which were the most representative, were both of the shaft pit form. A number of delicate artifacts, made of jade, lacquer, copper, iron, proto-porcelain and pottery, came to light. Ten proto-porcelain bi, rare at Yangzhou, was unearthed from burial M7. They were almost identical with those found in Zhejiang. A bronze mirror of inscriptions was found in burial M134, which, from its style and pattern, should have been an imitation of its kind made in the Chu State during the Warring States period. Inscriptions in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty style were cast in a circle on the mirror, reflecting its innovative facet. Burial M7 should have dated to early Western Han Dynasty, and burial M134 should have dated to the middle to late Western Han Dynasty.

Jiaozuo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology......................24
The excavation of burial M79 at Dongchenghuangyuan, Jiangzuo

Abstract：The previous Jiaozuo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated a burial at Dongchenghuayuan. The burial, dating to the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Jin Dynasty, consisted of four chambers. It was the first time in Jiaozuo to uncover a burial of the Song and Jin Dynasties with four chambers.

HE Yahui et al.............................................................................................30
Brewing and Serving Alcoholic Beverages to Erlitou Elites of Prehistoric China: Residue Analysis of Ceramic Vessels

Abstract：The Bronze Age in China is characterized by the appearance of bronze ritual vessels, such as gui and he pitchers and jue cups, which were likely used in ritual feasting events and considered as symbols of high social status. Their forms imitate similar ceramic vessels made of white clay. This transformation of such ceramic vessels into their bronze counterparts took place at the Erlitou site in the Yiluo basin, north China（ca. 1,800–1,500 BC）. Such pottery types are commonly regarded as alcohol-related vessels, but there is a lack of scientific analysis of organic remains on vessels’interior surfaces to understand their functions. In this study, we analyzed microfossil remains on 16 ceramic vessels unearthed from Erlitou and discovered direct evidence of the production and consumption of fermented beverages that were prepared using qu starter as a saccharification agent. Dakouzun wide-orifice vats may have been used for fermentation, likely in semi-solid-state fermentation conditions; zun narrow-orifice jars for storage; gui and he pitchers for heating and/or pouring the beverages; and jue cups for drinking. Monascus molds and herbs were probably used to make qu starter. Fermentation ingredients were primarily rice and wheat, sometimes mixed with broomcorn millet, Job’s tears, roots of snake gourd, among other plants. Rice and wheat were minor crops in the region, probably cultivated for special uses and received by the Erlitou elites as tributary items for making alcoholic beverages. This research demonstrates that the palatial area at Erlitou was used for feasting activities and luxury drinks with prestige utensils were served in these socially exclusive spaces, which emphasized social status, wealth, and power or in the purpose of building allies among different social groups. The development of such elite feasting activities, alcoholic beverages, and the accompanied social values coincided with increased social differentiation at the time of early state formation.

GUO Zhiwei......................................................................................................45
On the early long kiln and its origin

Abstract：There are many similarities between early long kilns and later advanced dragon kilns, despite of the absence of some key components. These early long kilns always coexisted with and closely related to other types of kilns at the same site. Some key components can even be traced back to much earlier precedents—local prehistoric period kilns. The joining area among Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, the major location where long kilns and dragon kilns originated, profoundly influenced the production of stamped stoneware and proto-porcelain. Therefore, this area contributed greatly to the emergence of Central Plains early state and its interactions with adjacent regions.

YANG Wenhao and SONG Jiangning..........................................................52
A new interpretation of construction foundations No. 6 to No. 10 at Fengchu, Zhouyuan

Abstract：With the research concept of architectural archaeology, the authors came to three understandings of the Fengchu construction foundations No. 6 to No. 10 at the Zhouyuan Site, namely the advanced foundation construction technology and concepts, the continuous repair and reconstruction activities, and diversified directions and layouts of foundations. The research shows that the builders already had experiences in foundation construction suitable for collapsible loess areas. Guided by the construction concept of“precise excavation,”they carried out continuous repair and reconstruction activities in this area, leading to a mix of directions and layouts of buildings. In addition, the discovery of these foundations also contributes greatly to the ethnic identification of large rammed earth buildings at the Zhouyuan Site.

NIE Jingfang.............................................................................................60
On Yanshao in early Western Zhou period and the northern migration of clans in the eastern area

Abstract：The inscriptions of Ke lei and Ke he from the tomb of Yan state in Liulihe recorded the establishment of Yan state in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to the geographical and archaeological clues of oracle inscriptions, the Qiang, Wu, Zha, Yu, and Piao clans, granted by Lord Yan according to the bronze inscriptions, were entrenched around Mount Tai in the late Shang Dynasty. The two clans serving the Lord Yan, Ju and Ji, according to archaeological evidence of the state of Yan, also came from the eastern region in the late Shang Dynasty, which is the same as that reflected in the inscriptions of Ke lei and Ke he. Judging from the inscriptions of Taibao gui, Duke Shao participated in the eastern expedition in the early Zhou Dynasty and acquired lands at the south foot of Mount Tai in order to deter clans in the eastern region. To reward the Yanshao clan with clans from the eastern region should be related to it. Based on the political landscape in the early Zhou Dynasty, the king of the Zhou Dynasty ordered Duke Shao’s son Ke to govern the Yan area. Therefore, as subordinates of the Yanshao clan, these clans that once lived in the eastern region migrated northward.

TAN Qingzhi....................................................................................................68
On the tomb occupant of the Zhijiagou burial of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Lantian

Abstract：From August 2009 to July 2010, the Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Archaeology excavated a large burial of the Western Han Dynasty at Huaxu County, Lantian. The burial was constructed under a mound, and surrounded with rammed-earth wall. Pottery figurines, eunuch figurines, daguan inscriptions and seals were uncovered. A female skull was found in the burial chamber. The tomb occupant should have been a female royal member. The unearthed wuzhu coins indicate the burial should be dated to the fifth year of Yuanshou. The excavator argued the occupant should have been Princess Eyigai. a daughter of Emperor Wu. However, the excavator, according to historical documents, argues the tomb occupant should have been the first wife, Empress Chen, of Emperor Wu.

LIU Tiange..................................................................................................73
On the ring-shaped levees around cities on the Yellow River floodplain

Abstract：To build enclosed ring-shaped levees surrounding cities was one of the major methods in the ancient time to prevent flooding. The levees are common on the Yellow River floodplain. According to chorographies, the practice of building ring-shaped levees dated back to the Song and the Jin periods. In order to protect the Grant Canal and the Ming Tombs, it gradually became popular during the middle and late Ming Dynasty, which turned out to be one of the main flood-controlling methods for cities on the Yellow River floodplain. Although there are similarities between levees and city walls, the ring levees, as flood-controlling facilities, are essentially different from the city walls. The ring-shaped levees were clearly effective in preventing floods caused by the Yellow River, It impacted the function and layout of the cities, while shaping the topography and landscape surrounding them.