Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Longde County Bureau of Cultural Relics.........................................................................................4
A preliminary report of the excavation of the Yangshao-culture kilns at the Zhoujiazuitou site, Longde, Ningxia

Abstract：The Zhoujiazuitou site is located at Shuangcun of the Shenlinxiang village at Longde county, Ningxia. From 2017 to 2021, the Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conduced a series of excavation there. The unearthed Neolithic relics include the Yangshao period and the late Longshan period. The prehistoric kilns are most notable among all the discoveries, which are significant for our understanding of the pottery production and social economy then.

The Fenghao Team, CASS................................................................................16
The excavation of two Western-Zhou Dynasty kilns at Dayuan village, Feng Capital

Abstract：In 2019, the Fenghao Team of the Institute of Archaeology, CASS, found two pottery kilns（Y14 and Y5）, pits, soil cushions and ash layers at the Dayuancun pottery workshop site in Fengjing, dating to the late Western Zhou period. Through the archaeological excavation, the details of the use, transformation and abandonment of two kilns have come to light. It is for certain that Y15 is earlier than Y14. The kiln Y15 was a half down-draught kiln. Its inner wall of the flue was built with red-burnt clods bound together by mud. Two fire-absorbing holes was made at the bottom of its flue. And kiln Y15 continued in use after being transformed into a horizontal up-draught kiln. Lots of greenware was unearthed.

HuBei Xiangyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology........................................................................................................28
The excavation of the Zhou-period pottery workshop at Wangjiaxiang, Xiangyang

Abstract：The Wangjiagang site, located 600 meters to the south of the Dengcheng walled settlement, was re-excavated in 2013. 3 kilns, 35 pits and 1 well, dating to the transition to the Eastern Zhou period to the early Spring and Autumn period, were unearthed. A large amount of pottery making tools and pottery daily wares were found. This site should be the location of a pottery workshop of the Deng state of the Zhou period, which contributes greatly to the understanding of the Deng state.

LI Xinwei.............................................................................................................46
On the Standardization of Pottery Production in prehistoric China

Abstract：Ceramic wares and sherds are the most abundant discoveries from archaeological excavations, while ceramic analysis makes a significant part of archaeological research. Pottery production standardization is correlated with social development. To reveal social dynamics, the author, based on a summery of previous pottery studies, points out that ceramic research should incorporate more scientific methods and well-designed fieldwork. Moreover, the research should be more socially oriented, by paying attention to ethnographic archaeology and laboratory practices.

YANG Jian and GUO Meng.............................................................................49
An experimental archaeology of the pottery making at the Zhoujiazuitou site, Longde

Abstract：The Zhoujiazuitou site at Longde, Ningxia, is a Yangshao-period settlement engaged in intensive pottery production. 42 kilns have been unearthed, including 33 dating to the late Yangshao period. The number and intensity of pottery kilns of this settlement was rare then. A large amount of pottery sherds of the late Yangshao period came to light, which contributed greatly to our understanding of pottery making then. The authors conducted multiple experiments both for pottery making and firing, in order to reveal the techniques and Chaǐne Opératoire of the pottery production at the Zhoujiazuitou site.

WANG Xiaojuan............................................................................................................58
On the pottery techniques of the final Neolithic Age in the Jinnan area

Abstract：The northern Jinnan differed from and the southern Jinnan area ever since the Miaodigou II culture. Pottery throwing appeared earlier in the southern area. In the Longshan era, shaping and decorating techniques were distinctive in the two areas. Hand coiling was dominant in pottery making in the north area. In the middle period of the Taosi culture, pottery throwing appeared in the north, but was not widely applied. In contrast, pottery throwing was common in the south. As for decoration, string fabric pattern dominated in the north, while basket fabric pattern was the majority in the south.

FU Yongxu.......................................................................................................67
An ethnographic survey and research of pottery standardization

Abstract： Pottery wares and the related remains unearthed in archaeology make direct evidence of technology, culture, society and so on. Ethnographic archaeology, targeting at pottery production and standardization, could contribute to understanding pottery production of the ancient society. One of the most fruitful methods is to conduct a survey of traditional pottery workshop and carry out a comparative study with unearthed ceramics.

DENG Lingling and TIAN Miao...................................................................78
A Preliminary Research on Rotary Instruments and the Potter's Wheel

Abstract：The evolutionary process of rotary instruments plays a key role in defining the details of wheel fashioning and throwing techniques. Combining with mechanical analyses, the development of rotary instruments had undergone two crucial stages, separately defined by the emergence of pivot and bearing. The occurrence of pivots differentiates pivoted turntable (tournette or slow wheel) from the movable base which can partially rotate. The bearing is a key component of the fast wheel (true wheel), which could decrease friction by downsizing the contact area between the wheel head and the pivot. Simultaneously, with a larger and heavier wheel head, the rotational kinetic energy, as well as the ability to sustain the rotational kinetic energy, would increase. Slow wheels are the initial form to fulfill rotary motion. Two types of slow wheels have been identified, the pivot slow wheel and the mortise-tenon slow wheel. The wheel coiling technique incorporates coiling with wheel fashioning and throwing. Fast wheels have mature mechanical designs with a bigger head, delicate balance equipment, and bearing. The single head fast wheel with a long pivot and a concave bearing made the most prevalent fast wheel in China. With the balance equipment, fast wheels could sustain in a horizontal position, even in a stationary state. The set could facilitate wheel fashioning practices, such as paddling, adhering, decorating, etc., in the process of slow rotations.