Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology & Jiaozuo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology...................................4 

A preliminary report of the excavation at the Niecun cemetery of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties at Jiaozuo, Henan 

Abstract：From February to June 2014, the Jiaozuo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research conducted archaeological excavations at the Niecun site. This report focuses on the burial materials discovered during the excavation. A total of 44 tombs were unearthed, including 2 belonging to the Erligang culture, 40 belonging to the Yin Ruins culture, and 2 belonging to the Western Zhou culture. Of particular significance is the organized and concentrated arrangement of the late Shang Dynasty tombs, which is the first discovery of its kind in the Jiaozuo region. This finding holds important academic value for enhancing the cultural sequence in northern Henan Province, understanding the relationship with neighboring cultures, and studying settlement patterns and society.

Luoyang Municipal Institute of Archaeology....................................................12 

A preliminary report of the Luoyang Baicaopo Eastern Han Dynasty Mausoleum Site 

Abstract：Through a comprehensive survey and drilling of the Eastern Han Dynasty mausoleum at Baicaopo, five large architectural ruins, as well as roads and drainage channels, were discovered within the mausoleum, forming a preliminary understanding of the mausoleum's scope and layout. The excavations confirmed that L1 and L3（survey number L6）date from the same period as the mausoleum and should be the northern and eastern boundaries of the inner mausoleum, respectively. Rammed earth sites 1 and 2 may be the locations of gates on the north side of the inner mausoleum.

Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Archaeology...................................................22 

A preliminary report of the pilot excavation at the armor workshop in the Xianyang city, Qin capital 

Abstract：In the summer of 2019, a workshop site related to the production of stone armor was discovered in the northeastern part of the ancient city of Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty. Excavations at the site unearthed a large number of stone materials, blanks, semi-finished products, waste materials, slag, copper and lead bars, as well as iron tools, stone pressing bars, and smelting residues, all of which are closely related to the burial items found in the accompanying pit K9801 of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. This suggests that the workshop site is another location for the production of stone armor, in addition to the one discovered in Xinfeng near Lintong. This discovery contributes to the research on the layout and functions of the northern area of the Xianyang city, and also broadens our understanding of the sources of burial items in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.

Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology & Anyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.......................................36 

A preliminary report of the excavation at the Sui-Dynasty burial at the Gangyi Road, Anyang 

Abstract：This tomb is located approximately 500 meters south of the intersection of Wenming Avenue and Gangyi Road in Sigou Village, Long’an District, Anyang City, Henan Province. It is a brick-made tomb with a single chamber, consisting of a tomb passage, tomb gate, corridor, and burial chamber. Outside the tomb gate, there is a brick-made gate tower imitating wooden structure. In the middle of the corridor, there is a stone door composed of a door anvil, threshold, door frame, door panel, and lintel. The door panel is engraved with two divine kings, and the lintel features large-scale animal face patterns and dragon patterns, exhibiting Buddhist artistic style. Excavations in the tomb have yielded a tomb epitaph and a collection of celadon ceramics. The tomb occupants are the MENG Da couple. MENG Da passed away in the fourth year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty（553 AD）and was buried in the twelfth year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty（592 AD）. His wife was buried in the fourth year of Renshou（604 AD）. Through observation and analysis, the characteristics of this collection of celadon ceramics align with those of the Anyang Xiangzhou kiln ceramics. This large-scale tomb with dates provides new evidence for studying the distribution of tombs from the late Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty in Anyang, as well as the religious beliefs, social politics, and the development of Xiangzhou kiln ceramics.

YAN Hui.................................................47 

On the layout of the Eastern Han Imperial Mausoleum and the related Tomb Architecture Nomenclature 

Abstract：The Eastern Han tombs consist of two parts: the mausoleum（“ling”）and the park（“yuan”）. Within the boundary of mausoleum, there are stone halls, bell towers, and screen walls. Outside, there are sleeping halls, convenience halls, park temples, official residences, and enclosed courtyards. Archaeological discoveries of Eastern Han mausoleum sites generally reveal five groups of main architectural ruins. According to historical records and comparing the features of these sites, the east side of the burial mound should contain the stone halls and bell towers, while the south side of the mound is where the tomb screen walls are located. To the northeast of the stone hall are the sleeping and convenience halls, with the enclosed courtyard to the north of these halls. The exact location of the park temple official residences is currently uncertain. The sites of the stone hall, sleeping hall, and convenience hall are somewhat similar to the three groups of frontal palace complexes within the imperial city. The enclosed courtyard served as the residence for the mausoleum's guardians.

ZHU Jin and ZHANG Xinyu......................................................54 

On the funeral process and institutional reform in Eastern Han imperial mausoleums

Abstract：The establishment of imperial mausoleums and the funeral process are interrelated, and both underwent significant changes during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties. The funeral rituals during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han underwent notable transformations, forming a system with the reigning emperor at its core, which became standardized during the Eastern Han period. The funeral activities encompassed the procession and burial stages. The major changes in the Eastern Han imperial funeral procession can be observed in the utilization of the grand carriage and the integration of burial forms from the“transverse burial”tradition into the architectural design of underground palaces. This led to changes in the burial procedures, including the“Three Officials entering the Anzi Palace”during the grand funeral of the emperor and the protocol of the emperor visiting the“convenience chambers”during joint burial ceremonies. Based on the Eastern Han funeral process, the pillar-grid style architecture in front of the imperial mausoleum might correspond to the“convenience hall”mentioned in historical texts, and the ritual“li offerings”represents the evolution of burial rituals from the pre-Qin period. The themes of simplified burials and elaborate sacrifices dominated the evolution of imperial mausoleum systems during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties. The implementation of the“Shangling Ceremony”was heavily influenced by Confucian ideology on life and death, representing a shift in the concept of imperial mausoleum construction from emphasizing the underworld to focusing on the world of the living. It also emphasized the political significance of funeral rites.

LIU Bin.........................................................................................62 

On the locations of the Eastern-Han imperial mausoleums in Mangshan, Luoyang

Abstract：In recent years, research on the Eastern Han Dynasty imperial tombs in Mangshan, Luoyang, has yielded fruitful results. However, there is still no academic consensus regarding the attribution of the Mangshan Five Tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, particularly the contentious debate surrounding whether the Great Han Tomb is the Yuan Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu. This paper takes the clue of the family tombs on the east side of the“Gongling”mentioned in the epitaph of HUA Fang, the wife of WANG Jun, an important figure from the late Western Jin Dynasty discovered in Beijing. By combining archaeological findings, the preliminary conclusion is drawn that the Great Han Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wen （Gongling）. Furthermore, the attribution of the Erhan Tomb, the Sanhan Tomb, and Zhucang M722 and M707 are also discussed.