LI Jipeng...........................................................87 

A re-discussion of Potuo 

Abstract：The word“Potuo 陂池”, as a document related to the Eastern Han Dynasty imperial mausoleums, is mainly found in Emperor Guangwu ��s imperial edict to build the Shou Mausoeum. It is crucial to the understanding of the changing of the burial mound of imperial mausoleums from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty.“Potuo”has been interpreted incorrectly in the past for reasons of textual copying and misinterpretation. It should be interpreted as a slightly elevated, uneven slope, which has been correctly interpreted by the Tang Dynasty. The author also corrects the understanding of a relevant sentence.

LIU Yi..................................................................94 

On the old regulation and new system reflected in the burial of YUAN Shikai SONG Rui and YUAN 

Abstract：Situated on the banks of the Huanshui River in Anyang, Henan Province, the tomb of Yuan Shikai emulates the architectural layout of Ming and Qing imperial mausoleums, particularly those of the Qing Dynasty, positioning itself between imperial mausoleums and royal tombs in terms of hierarchy. While bearing similarities in stone-carved decorations, architectural painted motifs, and ironwork on the rear gate, there are also noticeable differences, where the“old traditions”and“new regulations”naturally converge and blend. The “new regulations” observed in Yuan Shikai’s tomb likely represent the most significant public preservation of pseudo-“Hongxian” imperial system remnants and ceremonial practices. Despite these changes, the tomb still prominently embodies the characteristics of imperial mausoleums, standing as a prime example of China’s ancient imperial burial system.

Guangkuo.......................................................101 

On the pie-shaped artifacts from the Dongxiafeng site 

Abstract：Previously, relics from the Xia-Shang period at the Dongxia-Feng Site were categorized as“round cake lids.”However, this paper challenges that classification through analysis, suggesting that these artifacts served different functions. The non-perforated items are identified as pottery-making trays, while the perforated ones are steaming grates. This distinction holds significance in multiple aspects, aiding in the deeper understanding of Xia and Shang period pottery-making techniques. Furthermore, it allows for exploration into the cultural implications of archaeology by examining cooking utensils, shedding light on interactive communication and the inheritance of innovation between cultures.

ZHANG Dan..................................................108 

On the bronze wares with clan emblems unearthed from the early Western-Zhou burials in southern Henan and northern Hubei 

Abstract：Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, a large number of bronze artifacts with clan emblems have been unearthed in the southern Henan and northern Hubei regions, attracting significant attention from the academic community and sparking numerous controversies. Ultimately, these controversies are related to the determination of the familial affiliations of the burial sites. Through sorting and analyzing these inscriptions, they can be categorized into four types: A, B, C, and D, based on the variations in terminology. Additionally, when it comes to determining the familial affiliations of the burial sites, it is necessary to explain the inscriptions of two additional types, E and F, which do not contain emblem elements but are found in these burial sites. The simultaneous presence of multiple types of inscriptions in early Western Zhou period burials in the southern Henan and northern Hubei regions is related to the complex political situation, cultural landscape, and ethnic relations of the early Zhou period, warranting further attention and discussion within the academic community.

ZHANG Jinghua.............................................114 

On the tripod unearthed from burail M34 at Shangshihe, Yima 

Abstract：Between July 2017 and September 2018, the Sanmenxia Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, in collaboration with the Yima Municipal Cultural Relics Protection and Management Institute, conducted rescue excavations at the Shangshihe Cemetery in Yima City. This effort led to the excavation of 107 tombs dating back to the early to mid-Spring and Autumn period, alongside 9 pit offerings. The findings suggest that the cemetery represents a well-organized, meticulously planned, and well-preserved early Spring and Autumn period tomb complex. This discovery is considered another significant burial site related to the state after the uncovering of the Shangcunlin Guo State cemetery. Notably, the excavation of Tomb M34 revealed a bronze tripod（Ding）, providing invaluable insights into the surname lineage, the identity of the tomb��s occupant, and the marital alliances within the Guo state.

XU Longguo...................................................120 

A re-discussion of the coin casting technique of the Han period 

Abstract：This paper delineates the developmental trajectory of overlapping casting into three distinct stages: primary, intermediate, and advanced. During the Han Dynasty, this evolution unfolded in two phases: primary and intermediate. The primary stage transitioned into the intermediate stage during the middle to late Western Han Dynasty, marked by the advent of Shanglin Sanguan casting and block pattern casting money during the Xinmang period. By the third reform under Wang Mang��s reign, the primary overlapping casting had progressed to intermediate overlapping casting. Building upon this framework, the paper delves into the age and characteristics of the Wuzhu overlapping casting model and its associated site, which have sparked considerable debate within academic circles. It suggests that their age likely falls between the period of Gengshi and the 17th year of Emperor Jianwu, representing a period when central authority fluctuated in its control over currency casting, leading to both centralized and local casting practices.

YANG Jin........................................................129 

A new investigation into the“husband and wife banquet seating”motif of the Tubo period in Qinghai 

Abstract：The murals and coffin paintings of the Tubo period in Qinghai have long been the focus of scholarly attention. Scholars have extensively discussed the ethnic identity of the tomb owners, as well as the functions, structures, origins, and cultural significance of the images as a whole. Some scholars have chosen to analyze specific images, but relatively few have separately discussed the“husband and wife banquet seating”motif. The“husband and wife banquet seating”motif occupies a central position in the narrative scenes, serving as a key to understanding the entire image and guiding viewers to explore the broad cultural context behind the picture. Its origins can be traced back to the tradition of husband and wife seating in murals of the Northern Wei Xianbei tombs, stone carving images in the Northern Dynasties of the Su-Turk nobility tombs, and even themes of reclining and drinking in Greek and Roman cultures, as well as the banquet scenes of Su-Turk nobles or deities in Central Asia. Of particular interest is the fact that both male and female tomb owners are depicted wearing robes or only male or female robe images, demonstrating a complex network of multicultural interactions. By the Tang Dynasty, the“husband and wife banquet seating” motif had disappeared from tombs in the Central Plains but appeared in Tubo-period tombs, reflecting the unique scene of multicultural exchanges and integration in the Qinghai-Tibet region during the Tang Dynasty, especially the process of identity construction and cultural identity integration during the integration of Tubo and Tuyuhun into the Han Chinese community.

CHEN Qinglong........................................138 

An interpretation of the epitaphs from the burials of the Qiu lineage in southern Xi' an

Abstract：Three epitaphs were unearthed from the Tang Dynasty Qiu family tomb discovered in Miujiazhai Cemetery in the southern suburbs of Xi’an. According to the epitaph texts, the tombs belonged to Qiu Gun, the eldest brother, Qiu Lang, the second brother, and Qiu Cheng, the son of Qiu Lang. They were a branch of the Qiu family from Nan’an in the late Tang Dynasty. Since their great-grandfather, they had served as officials, belonging to a typical official family. Qiu Gun and Qiu Lang had rich experiences in officialdom and extensive political connections, while Qiu Cheng, due to early death from ear disease, did not have the opportunity to serve in government. Qiu Gun and his family members lived in Chongren Lane, Wannian County, Chang’an City during their lifetime, and were buried in the north of Sanzhao village in Ning’an Township after their death, exemplifying the tradition of living and burying together as a family. The distribution of the Qiu family tombs followed the system of ancestral worship, implementing the arrangement principle of“honoring the north and honoring the left”.