Zhengzhou Songshan Civilization Research Institute................................4 

Brief Report on the Archaeological Survey of the Linzhai Site in Zhengzhou City 

Abstract：In October 2021, entrusted by the Zhengzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone Land Reserve Center, the Songshan Civilization Research Institute of Zhengzhou conducted an archaeological survey at Linzhai. A new settlement site dating from the Yangshao to the Eastern Zhou period was discovered near Linzhai Village. The site revealed remains from the Yangshao, Longshan, Erlitou, and Eastern Zhou periods, with the primary occupation dating to the Erlitou culture period. A collection of pottery, stone tools, and bone artifacts was gathered, which helped to clarify the settlement’s scope, area, layout, evolution, and its relationship with contemporary surrounding settlements.

Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Anyang Archaeological Research Institute...................................13 

Brief Report on the Excavation of Tombs M24 and M92 in the Eastern Area of the Shang Dynasty Sangyuan Site in Anyang 

Abstract：In 2022, the Anyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology discovered and excavated the Sangyuan site of the Late Shang Dynasty site, located east of Sangyuan Village in Gaozhuang Town, Anyang County. A total of 96 Shang Dynasty tombs, 16 wells, 730 ash pits, 1 kiln site, and 1 bovine skeleton pit were uncovered, yielding over 300 artifacts made of pottery, bronze, stone, bone, horn, and shell. Among the Shang tombs, M24 is the most significant, with 13 bronze artifacts unearthed. Despite being damaged by a Warring States tomb, the adjacent M92 still produced a set of bronze gu and jue vessels, which is particularly remarkable. Based on the characteristics of the tomb structures and the artifacts found, it is highly likely that the occupants of tombs M24 and M92 were two successive leaders of the community that inhabited this site. In recent years, several Late Shang Dynasty sites, including the Sangyuan site, have been discovered in the eastern area approximately 10 kilometers from the palace and ancestral temple area of Yinxu. These discoveries provide new data for studying the extent, layout, functional zones, and cultural implications of the “Great City of Shang”at Yinxu.

Anyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.................................23 

Brief Report on the Excavation of Building Foundations at the Shaojiapeng Site in Yinxu, Anyang City, Henan Province 

Abstract：The Shaojiapeng site is located within the construction control zone of the Yinxu protection area, 2.4 kilometers northwest of the Yinxu palace and ancestral temple area. A total of 18 building foundations from the Yinxu period were excavated, which can be divided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. Group A consists of courtyard-style buildings, while Groups B and C consist of two-part compound buildings with front and rear sections. The conditions of Group D are unknown due to excavation limitations. These building groups overlay the large central tomb M106, suggesting they may be auxiliary structures associated with it. Numerous contemporary Yinxu period tombs are distributed around the building complex, with many bronze artifacts inscribed with the character“册”(ce) unearthed from the tombs, indicating that this area was the settlement of the“Ce”clan. This site is one of the few relatively well-structured clan settlements known in Yinxu to date. The discovery of the building foundations and tombs provides important data for studying architectural styles, social structures, and clan settlement patterns during the Yinxu period.

Xi'an Institute of Cultural Heritage Protection and Archaeology, Sichuan University School of Archaeology and Museology.................................37 

Brief Report on the Excavation of the Tang Dynasty Tombs of WEI Yuanfang and WEI Chengqing at Shangtapuo in the Southern Suburbs of Xi'an 

Abstract：In December 2019, a joint excavation by the Xi’an Institute of Cultural Heritage Protection and Archaeology and the Sichuan University School of Archaeology and Museology uncovered a number of Han and Tang dynasty tombs in Shangtapo village, in the southern suburbs of Xi’an. Among them, two early Tang dynasty cave tombs（M14 and M42）were well-preserved, yielding a significant collection of pottery, bronze, iron, gold, and silver artifacts, as well as epitaphs. The epitaphs reveal that the occupant of tomb M42 was WEI Yuanfang, and the occupant of tomb M14 was his son WEI Chengqing. Both father and son died in Baling and were reburied in their ancestral graveyard in Yongzhou in the third year of Shangyuan（676 CE）. The tombs of WEI Yuanfang and his son provide valuable information for the study of early Tang dynasty reburial practices and the genealogy of the Wei family.

LI Xuan, GU Xuejun......................................46 

Study on the Lithic Industry of the Longquan Cave Site in Luanchuan, Henan Province 

Abstract：The lithic assemblage of Longquan Cave Site has been always grouped to the simple core and flake industry, especially dominated by small stone tools. The utilization of raw materials is limited. It reflects the flexibility and arbitrariness of modern humans from knapping, retouching and using the lithic artifacts. There are no obvious changes on the culture and technology of the lithic from different cultural layers. The subtle changes in this technology demonstrate the slow development of the technology itself. The results show that there are four different production strategies. People chose different production strategies in face of different types and shapes of the raw materials. We believe that Longquan Cave Site was formed by the reasons of culture and human behavior from the aspects of technological tradition, human evolution, resources and environmental changes.

BAI Qian et al.  ...............................................54 

Stable Isotope Analysis of the Relationship Between Humans and Animals at the Qingtai Site 

Abstract：In order to deeply understand the relationship between human and animals under the background of social complexity during the Yangshao period in Central Plains, we carried out carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis on the animal bones unearthed from the Qingtai site in Xingyang City, Zhengzhou. A total of 41 groups of animal bones were selected in this study, including 5 dogs, 20 pigs, 12 deers and 4 Bubalus Mephistopheles. The isotopic data shows that pigs and dogs also display close relationship with millet agriculture , whose fodder mainly came from the millet straw , grain chaff , and human leftovers. Some of the wild pigs are closely related to human beings, and there are more C4 plants in their food, which may be the wild boar foraging in human living areas, or the domestic pigs returning to the wild. There are a high proportion of C4 plants in food structure of the Bubalus Mephistopheles. The reason needs to be further discussed. It does not rule out the possibility of eating millet and other agricultural and sideline products, which may be affected by human behavior.

ZHANG Ling..................................................62 

Research on Female Graves with Bronze Weapons from the Shang to Western Zhou Periods 

Abstract：Bronze weapons were associated with violence such as killing and warfare, and were often used as markers of males. However, female tombs were also buried with bronze weapons. In this paper, we systematize the female burials with bronze weapons from the Shang to Western Zhou periods, and conclude that women were involved in military activities during the Yinxu period, from high-ranking nobles to commoners, in a variety of ways, and that female participation in military activities was a relatively normalized phenomenon in society at that time. During the Western Zhou period, the women who buried bronze weapons were located in cemeteries with obvious military characteristics, and the women in Qianzhangda,Tengzhou and Baifu, Changping were of noble class, basically continuing the characteristics of women in the Yinxu period, while the women in Fenghao area were only commoners involved in military activities, and the way of participation was relatively simple, probably related to the change of women's status during the Shang and Zhou periods.

QI Guang......................................................72 

Study of Ram-Headed Relief Sculptures on Han Dynasty Tomb Doors

Abstract：In Han dynasty tombs, ram’s head reliefs are often found decorating the lintels of tomb gates. These reliefs first appeared in the late Western Han period. From the mid to late Eastern Han period onwards, ram’s head reliefs with halters became prevalent in Shandong and surrounding regions, symbolizing riding on rams and ram-drawn carriages. The use of ram’s head reliefs on tomb gates is linked to the Han custom of hanging ram heads on doors. By comparing tomb gate ram’s head reliefs with freestanding stone ram sculptures, images of riding on rams, and ram-drawn carriages, it can be concluded that these reliefs symbolically represent immortals riding on rams. The ram’s head reliefs on tomb gates not only convey auspicious and protective meanings but also express the contemporary belief in immortality.