Zhengzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.....................................4 

On the Excavation of the Rammed Earth Wall and No. I Wengcheng in the Central Settlement of the Yangshao Culture at the Shuanghuaishu Site in Gongyi, Henan 

Abstract：Through continuous archaeological surveys, explorations, and excavations in recent years, the Shuanghuaishu site has been confirmed as a large Neolithic settlement with urban characteristics. The central area of the settlement features three concentric moats—inner, middle, and outer. In the northern part of the inner moat, a large central residential area with row houses has been discovered. To the southeast of this area, two walls with staggered gateways were found. This is comprehensively judged to be the earliest known important structure with a wengcheng (urn city) design.

Cultural Relics Protection Office for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Henan Provincial Administration of Cultural Heritage et al. .........................20 

Excavation of the Warring States Tombs and Chariot Pits at Lijiashangen in Xichuan County, Henan 

Abstract：From March 2020 to January 2021, to facilitate the construction of the submerged area of the Danjiangkou Reservoir as part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, the Nanyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted an archaeological excavation of the Lijiashangen cemetery at the request of the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. A total of 128 tombs were excavated, dating back to the Warring States period, the Han dynasty, and the Qing dynasty. Among them, six tombs were accompanied by chariot and horse pits, each containing 1 to 2 chariots, along with burial objects such as pottery and bronze artifacts, dating to the Warring States period. This provides new data for the study of the chronological sequence and burial customs of the Eastern Zhou tombs in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area within Xichuan County.

Longmen Grottoes Research Institute and Luoyang Municipal Institute of Archaeology....................................39 

On the Excavation of the Western Jin Dynasty Tomb at Shijiawan in Chanhe, Luoyang 

Abstract：From April to September 2022, the Luoyang Archaeological Research Institute conducted an excavation in Shijiawan Village, Chanhe District, unearthing a total of 16 tombs dating from the Han to the Tang dynasties. Among them was a Western Jin dynasty tomb, designated as C3M2376 (drilling number M211). This tomb is a double-chamber brick tomb with front and rear chambers, featuring a tomb passage with three steps, and consists of a tomb passage, tomb door, corridor, front chamber, rear corridor, and rear chamber. Despite being disturbed by looting, the tomb still yielded 29 items (or sets) of artifacts, including 18 pottery pieces and 11 bronze items. The considerable number of burial bronzes is a rare find among Western Jin tombs in the Luoyang area.

Sanmenxia Museum and Yangshao Culture Research Center of San menxia.....................................45 

On the Testing Excavation at Baolun Temple in Sanmenxia, Henan 

Abstract：To understand the remains of Baolun Temple Pagoda in Sanmenxia, the Sanmenxia Museum, together with the Yangshao Culture Center of Sanmenxia, conducted an archaeological excavation from April to May in 2014. It was the first scientific excavation at the Baolun Temple Pagoda and the ancient city of Shan county. Up to 2 trenches, 4 ash pits were uncovered, with pieces of pottery, architecture structures, crucibles and bronze coins. The discoveries contribute new data to the study of Baolun Temple Pagoda and the ancient city of Shan county.

LIU Li et al. ............................................51 

Preliminary Study on the Brewing Function of dakou jiandi Vessels from the Late Yangshao Culture

Abstract：The Yangshao culture is known for a type of large-mouthed and conical-based vessel, dakou jiandiqi, which vary in size and often have small holes in their walls. The larger vessels were often used as urn coffins, leading archaeologists to generally believe they were specifically made as burial containers. This article presents a microfossil analysis of the residue found inside a large dakou jiandi vessel of the Late Yangshao period, unearthed in the Huizui site in Yanshi, Henan. The analysis revealed a significant presence of starch granules, phytoliths, Monascus mold, and yeast cells. The findings suggest that the vessel was used for brewing fermented beverages. The brewing method involved using the qu fermentation method, likely utilizing Monascus mold and rice to create the fermenting agent; the brewing ingredients included rice, broomcorn millet, Job’s tears, beans, yams, lilies, and other root and tuber plants. The typical features of the dakou jiandi vessels found at Yangshao culture sites—such as their large mouths, small holes, and applied decoration—meet the requirements for brewing and storing alcohol beverages. These designs facilitated quick fermentation, effective sealing, and convenient filtering and transferring of the liquid. The primary function of these large vessels was for brewing and storing alcohol, with their use as urn coffins being a secondary function. The late Yangshao period was characterized by frequent regional cultural interactions, and some dakou jiandi vessels with very similar forms appeared at sites more than 1,000 km apart, reflecting the increasing complexity of society during this time. Future residue analyses of more vessels are needed to verify the conclusions of this study.

XU Feng.......................................62 

'Complexification' and 'Sinicization' : Reflections on Two Concepts in the Study of Regional Social Processes

Abstract：In the study of regional social processes, two key concepts are essential. The first is“complexity,” which describes the transition of certain aspects of society from homogeneous to heterogeneous states, leading to differentiated social development. The second concept pertains to the emergence of development trends centered in the Central Plains, which represent the phased outcomes of regional societal complexity. These trends highlight the imbalances and disparities in social development across different regions and the historical process of continuous power transformation.

LIU Chang and LIANG Yun........................69 

Examining the Migration of the Luhun Rong through the Cultural Elements of the Xuyang Cemetery

Abstract：The Xuyang Cemetery in Yichuan County, Henan Province, is associated with the Luhun Rong who migrated to the Central Plains. The cemetery contains elements of the Chu, Jin and Xirong cultures, reflecting the exchanges and influences between the Luhun Rong and the states of Jin and Chu. The Luhun Rong was originally one of the northern steppe peoples and moved south to settle in Guazhou on the west bank of the Yellow River, north of Huashan and south of Hancheng, and was later forced to migrate to Yichuan. For more than a hundred years, the Luhun Rong maneuvered between Qin and Jin, experiencing a transition from loyalty to Jin to“turning to Chu”, and was eventually destroyed by Jin, becoming a victim on the road to the struggle for supremacy.