School of History, Shandong University et al.  ...........................................4 

Excavation Report on the Tang Dynasty Tombs of Wang Liangbi and Wang Xiao in Xi’an 

Abstract：From August 2020 to October 2022, in order to cooperate with the construction of the Changming Road Depot of Xi’an Metro Line 8, the Xi’an Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics Conservation and Archaeology and Shandong University formed a joint archaeological team to discovered and cleaned up a batch of the date of the tombs is determined to be the Middle Tang Dynasty. And the shape of Zhenmu stone tablet of the unearthed from M140 is relatively rare, and provides precious physical material for the study of the prevalence and funeral customs of Taoism during the Tang Dynasty in Xi’an.

Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology et al.  .........................................12 

The Liao Dynasty Family Cemetery at Sanguan, Hebei County 

Abstract：From 2018 to 2019, the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted a rescue excavation of a Liao dynasty family cemetery. A total of 14 tombs, one spirit hall, and four grave pathways were unearthed. Seven tombs, numbered M1-M7, are located in the central part of the cemetery, arranged in a linear layout from southwest to northeast based on kinship relations. Together with the spirit hall and grave pathways, they form the family cemetery, which covers an area of approximately 3,540 square meters. The discovery of this cemetery holds significant value for the study of various aspects of Chinese history, including social history, intellectual history, ethnic history, and art history.

Anyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology...........................................24 

Excavation Report on the Jin Dynasty Monk’s Tomb in Long’an District, Anyang City 

Abstract：From September to October 2018, the Anyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated a Jin dynasty monk’s tomb located at the southwest corner of the foundation trench for Building 13 of the Dahua Times Square in Long’an District, Anyang City, Henan Province. The tomb, designed as an octagonal brick chamber with murals imitating wooden structures, consists of a tomb passage, a tomb gate, a corridor, and a burial chamber. Artifacts such as an epitaph, a bronze mirror, a pottery urn, and a porcelain jar were unearthed from the burial chamber. This tomb is the first Jin dynasty monk’s tomb discovered in the Anyang region and even the northern Henan area. Such discoveries are rare nationwide and serve as an important reference for studying burial customs and systems of monks from the same period.

GAO Yunyi......................................................................31 

Revisiting Issues Related to the Xiaonanshan Site at Rao River, HeiLongjiang County 

Abstract：Drawing on evidence from stratigraphy, typology, and archaeological context, this study provides a clear definition of the Xiaonanshan Culture, dated to approximately 7000 to 6500 BC. Through typological comparisons and chronological data, the Xinkailiu Culture remains at the Xiaonanshan Site are estimated to date to around 5000 BC. By examining materials from the Voznesenovka Culture unearthed at the site, this paper investigates the origins and continuity of the punctate zhizi pattern in Northeast China. The jade artifacts of the Xiaonanshan Culture are pivotal for understanding the genesis of Chinese jade traditions and have profoundly influenced the subsequent Xinglongwa Culture. This development initiated a“jade road” linking northeast and southwest China.

JIA Guotao.....................................................................38 

Ritual Vessels and the Evolution of Guan Rituals in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties 

Abstract：The core objects of the Guan（祼）ceremony during the Yin, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties include Gu, Jue, Jia, Zhi, etc. Among them, the jade handle shaped vessel is an important tool for high-level nobles to hold Guan（祼）ceremonies, and it forms a fixed combination with Gu. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were mainly two types of Guan（祼）rituals: sacrificial ceremony and guest ceremony. A Guan （祼）vessel composed of jade handle shaped vessels（Zan）, Gu, and Jue, mainly used for worshipping the deity. The Zan used for the Guan（祼）ceremony of the guest ceremony is a vessel with a handle, and the Zan head is in the shape of a cup or wine cup. The traditional Guan（祼）ceremony, which combines Gu Jue and Yu Zan（handle shaped vessels）, is a ritual with a long history. After the Yin and Zhou revolutions, the aristocratic class of the Zongzhou dynasty accepted the Guan（祼）ceremonial ceremony consisting of jade zan, gu, and jue as a combination. In the middle and late period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, whether it was the tombs of the aristocratic class or the common people, the jue and gu gradually declined. At the same time, the jade handle shaped vessels also gradually declined, indicating a change in the form of Guan（祼）. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the number of occasions where Guan（祼）was used for banquets greatly increased, which should be one of the reasons for the change in the form of Guan（祼）etiquette.

NIU Suran.....................................................................46 

The Nature and Related Issues of the Eastern Zhou Burial Pits at the Xishuipo Site in Puyang 

Abstract：In 1987, the archaeological excavation of the Yangshao culture site at Xishuipo, Puyang County, Henan Province, uncovered 30 mass graves containing the remains of soldiers equipped with bronze weapons. These graves were notable for their large scale and the significant number of human remains. By comparing these findings with three major battles that took place in the Wei State（modern-day Puyang）during the Eastern Zhou period—namely, the Battle of Chengpu, the Battle of Tieqiu, and the Battle of Maling—and analyzing climatic, geographical, and historical geopolitical factors, the mass graves are inferred to correspond to the Jin-Zheng Battle of Tieqiu, as described in the Zuo Zhuan. This battle occurred in the second year of Duke Ai of Lu, recorded as 493 BCE.The battlefield of the Jin-Zheng Battle of Tieqiu, which took place on August 7, 493 BCE, now preserved as the provincial-level cultural heritage site known as the“Tieqiu Ruins.”

ZHAO Junjie and GUO Yuqing............................................52 

The Burial Order and Evolution of Funeral Practices in the “Shouyang Mountain Tomb Area”during the Wei and Jin Dynasties 

Abstract：The imperial tombs of the Cao Wei and Western Jin dynasties have long been a focus and challenge for academic research. The discoveries of the Chongyang Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Jin and the Junyang Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Jin on Mang Mountain in the 1980s provided a foundational perspective for the archaeological exploration of Western Jin imperial tombs. More recently, the excavation of M1 in Xizhu Village in southern Luoyang, identified as an accompanying tomb of the Gaoping Mausoleum of Emperor Ming of Wei, has significantly advanced the study of Cao Wei imperial tombs. Building on prior research, this paper suggests that the Gaoyuan Mausoleum and Junping Mausoleum of the Western Jin are located on the northern slopes of Mang Mountain, north of Chongyang and Junyang Mausoleums. The Taiyang Mausoleum is posited to lie west of Junyang Mausoleum and south of the main peak of Shouyang Mountain, at an elevation consistent with the Chongyang and Junyang Mausoleums. The Shouyang Mausoleum of Cao Wei is likely situated southeast of the main peak of Shouyang Mountain, on a plateau north of Cao’ao Village. The tomb of Cao Xiu is not an accompanying tomb of Shouyang Mausoleum but may belong to a Cao Wei clan cemetery. The imperial tombs of the Cao Wei and Western Jin dynasties in the“Shouyang Mountain Mausoleum Area”share similar site selection concepts. The Western Jin partially inherited the burial system of Cao Wei, while making adjustments and innovations in mausoleum planning and construction, gradually forming its distinct system, which profoundly influenced later burial practices.

YAN Hui...........................................................................62 

A Study of Cao Wei Tombs and Imperial Mausoleums in the Luoyang Region 

Abstract：The archaeological discoveries of Cao Wei tombs in Luoyang primarily occurred during two periods: before the 1980s and the early 21st century. Among these, horizontal-chamber tombs are the most numerous. These tombs were constructed using corbelled arches and are of relatively high status, which can be categorized into three groups: imperial tombs, tombs of the three lords, and tombs of marquises. The horizontal-chamber tombs of the Cao Wei period originated from Eastern Han tombs in the Luoyang region and are closely associated with the cultural traditions of the Eastern Han period in Luoyang. Based on comprehensive evidence, the recently discovered M2 at Xizhu Village is likely the Gaoping Mausoleum of Emperor Ming of Wei, while M1 is the mausoleum of Empress Guo of Mingyuan. The discovery of Cao Wei tombs in Xizhu Village provides a foundation for further exploration of Cao Wei imperial tombs, marking an unprecedented historic breakthrough in the study of these imperial tombs.

MA Xiaolin and HE Chuankai...............................................70 

The Use and Spread of Jade Axes with Bone Ferrules Around 5,000 Years Ago: Insights from the New Discoveries at the Wangzhuang Site in Yongcheng

Abstract：From 2023 to 2024, excavations at the Wangzhuang site in Yongcheng, Henan, identified a large settlement from the middle to late Dawenkou Culture period and uncovered over 70 high-status tombs from the same era. Among more than ten male tombs, a unique type of bone artifact was unearthed alongside jade yue (ceremonial axes). Through analysis, this paper suggests that these bone artifacts are bone ferrules designed to be used in conjunction with jade yue, with ropes securing the yue and the ferrule to opposite ends of a wooden shaft. Using this as a clue, the paper reviews discoveries of jade axes with ferrules from around 5,000 years ago, proposing that these objects, which served as symbols of status, appear sporadically or in clusters within high-status tombs of various archaeological cultures. This phenomenon may reflect the westward and northward cultural dissemination of the Dawenkou Culture and other Eastern cultural influences.