Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology.................................4 

Excavation Report on the Liang Tai Cemetery in Xianyang, Shaanxi 

Abstract：In 2020, the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology excavated the tomb of Liang Tai, a Northern Zhou Dynasty figure, located in Buli Village, Xianyang, which was built during the Sui Dynasty. The tomb features a surrounding trench and earthen mound, with a well-preserved underground structure and a clear chronology. These factors provide valuable insights into the layout of the cemetery, the shape of the tomb, and the burial relics, offering important information for the study of the Northern Zhou to early Sui Dynasty periods.

Peking University, School of Archaeology and Museology et al. .......................................14 

Excavation Report on the Base of Tower No. 1 at Xiangshan Temple Site of the in Longmen, Luoyang 

Abstract： From July to December 2016, the Research Institute of Longmen Grottoes, the School of Archaeology and Museology at Peking University, and the Luoyang City Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute jointly formed the Xiangshan Temple archaeological team. The team excavated the site of the No. 1 tower base at Xiangshan Temple in Longmen, Luoyang. The excavation uncovered a brick-paved ground, remains of tower foundations, and suspected pillar holes. Additionally, a large number of brick fragments, irregular bricks, pottery fragments, porcelain shards, iron nails, and copper coins from the Tang and Song dynasties were found. The cultural layer at the site dates no earlier than the Tang dynasty, providing evidence for determining the construction period of the Xiangshan Temple. The cultural layer also shows signs of destruction during or after the Song Dynasty. Based on documentary records and archaeological findings, it is speculated that the brick tower may have been the tomb tower of the RuMan monk. However, the site selection for the tower’s construction may not have been ideal.

Henan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Jiaozuo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Henan Normal University, School of History and Culture..............20 

Excavation Report on a Yuan Dynasty Tomb with Mural Paintings in Qinyang, Jiaozuo, Henan 

Abstract：From July to October 2021, with approval from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and commissioned by the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Jiaozuo Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted an archaeological excavation of two Yuan Dynasty brick-chamber tombs with mural paintings, located southeast of Xingkou Village in Qinyang, Jiaozuo, Henan Province. Both Tomb M1 and M3 preserved exquisite painted murals. The mural themes include traditional motifs such as the cross-barred window design,“Drinking Wine,”“Kitchen Scenes,”and“Serving Tea.” Notably, the murals in Tomb M1 also depict unique themes, including the“Peacock and Peony”on the north wall, as well as historical scenes from the life of Zhang Liang, such as“Respecting the Shoes at the Bridge,” and“Retiring after Success,”which are the first discoveries of their kind in China. These findings provide new and important materials for the study of Chinese tombs and the art of mural painting in Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasty tombs in the northern Central Plains region.

WANG Qing and WANG Kaiteng...................................28 

A Preliminary Study on the Archaeology of Prehistoric Dongyi Deities 

Abstract：Based on the analysis and reconstruction of excavated materials, combined with relevant literary records, this paper offers a preliminary exploration of the spiritual world of the prehistoric Dongyi people from the perspective of spiritual archaeology. The main conclusions are as follows:  1）The worship of deities among the Dongyi people matured during the late Dawenkou Culture, centering on the veneration of the phoenix bird, the alligator-dragon, and sacred mountains.  2）The phoenix bird is likely associated with the ancestral deity, while the alligator-dragon is connected to ancestral spirits, forming a relatively complete divine system that became representative of the Dongyi people’s creation myths and spiritual beliefs. 3）The“Phoenix' s Song on Jing Mountain”represents the core of the Dongyi people' s creation myths and spiritual beliefs, with the highest form of communication between the ancestral deity and spirits occurring through sacrificial rituals held on high mountains.  4） The Dongyi people' s spiritual communication tools were diverse and richly varied, displaying strong traditions of the Haidai culture and regional characteristics in their motifs, decorative techniques, materials, and vessel shapes. These artifacts deeply reflect the Dongyi people' s artistic traditions and achievements. The evolution of the spiritual world of the prehistoric Dongyi people from Dawenkou to Longshan was continuous, closely intertwined with the process of societal complexity, and made significant contributions to the formation of early China.

GAN Chuangye.............................43 

A Reconstruction of Prehistoric Burials of M02 DazhuCun Site 

Abstract：The study of tombs and death rituals has been a longstanding tradition in Chinese archaeology. With the“humanistic turn”in archaeological research, tomb reconstruction has the potential to become an effective approach to understanding prehistoric burials. The reconstruction of Tomb M02 at the late Dawenkou Culture site of Dazhucun in southeastern Shandong reveals a sequence of ceremonial processes, including the placement of the coffin chamber, the coffin itself, the possible assembly of ornaments or symbolic items on the body, and the spatial categorization and arrangement of associated burial or grave goods. These actions culminated in constructing an underground scene to facilitate the tomb owner’s transition in life. Such efforts and reflections are expected to contribute to future studies of Tomb M02 at Dazhucun, its cultural characteristics, and the advancement of prehistoric tomb reconstruction research.

LI Jie..................................................50 

On the Changes in the Water System and Foundation Layout Concepts of the Yanshi Shang City 

Abstract：New archaeological discoveries at the Yanshi Shangcheng site reveal new insights into its water system layout and settlement structure. The layout concept of the Yanshi Shangcheng site evolved from the “干”shaped military defense-oriented design during Phase I to a more complex pyramid-shaped layout in Phase II, influenced by social division of labor, hierarchical systems, and the principle of“officials living near the palace.” This design centered around the palace city and featured a dual-axis, triple-ring, multi-road network. The water system was restructured based on the road network. By Phase III, Segment VI, as nobles migrated and the climate worsened, the functional areas declined, leading to the obsolescence of the road network layout established since Phase III. Despite the changing layout concepts, the city' s construction consistently followed the principle of utilizing natural waterways, lakes, and terrain, reflecting the idea of “using natural advantages and local conditions for city building.”

YAO Caoxian.........................................61 

A new discussion on the clan name of State Xi from Baicaopo, Lintai 

Abstract：State Xi was one of the ancient states during the Kang and Zhao reigns of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Archaeological discoveries in Lingtai, Gansu Province, have identified the location of State Xi. Newly discovered bronze inscriptions reveal that“Ji”was not the clan name of State Xi. Additionally, State Xi should not be equated with State Xishen, meaning the clan name of State Xi was not Jiang. Based on the bronze characteristics, Yin-style burial customs in the tombs of Xibo and Heibo, and the clan name of the Heibo, it can be inferred that Xibo was a descendant of Yin. Inscriptions regarding the marriage alliance with the Ji clan and the rewards from the Zhou royal family to State Xi highlight the political efforts of State Xi to align with the Ji clan, which also reflects the strategic intentions of King Zhou to manage the western territories and stabilize the region behind the capital.

QI Xiang and ZHAO Congcang............................69 

A Preliminary Exploration of Issues Related to the Bronze Weapons Unearthed from the Rui State Cemetery

Abstract：The study of weapons unearthed from the Liangdaicun Cemetery and the East Zone I Cemetery of Liujiawa holds significant academic value for understanding the funerary system of the Rui state during the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou periods, as well as the political and military relations between the Rui state and its neighboring states. By examining the excavation of bronze weapons and analyzing their typology, this paper explores the cultural significance, functional roles, and burial customs associated with these artifacts. Drawing upon historical records, the military context reflected by the weapons and related funerary practices reveals that, from the late Western Zhou to the early Spring and Autumn periods and from the late Spring and Autumn period to its mid-phase, the Rui state maintained relatively close military connections with the Guo and Qin states.