RAN Bowen.........................................72 

A Preliminary Discussion on the Functional Transformation and Cultural Metaphor of Cauldrons and Stoves in the Yangshao Culture 

Abstract：Yangshao culture kettles and stoves functioned as separate but complementary components, forming a mobile, split combination system. Initially, they served simple utilitarian purposes such as cooking and warming water, often used alongside boiling and storage vessels and other daily utensils. By the middle Yangshao period, kettle shapes evolved from rounded to folded bellies, and both kettles and stoves notably decreased in size and utility. During this phase, they coexisted with ceramic ocarinas, small-mouthed pointed-bottom vases, flat-bottomed vases, and large-mouthed zun vessels coated with vermilion, as well as vermilion-decorated bone hoop-shaped wares. Kettles and stoves gradually transitioned into important ceremonial instruments used in major ritual activities to offer sacrifices to heaven, earth, deities, and ancestors. In the late Yangshao culture, the kettle and stove became the focal point of sacrificial spaces, establishing institutional norms and symbolizing the political significance of territorial authority.

ZHANG Nianzheng & Liu Yanchang......................81 

New Insights into the Eastward Spread of Zhou Culture and the Zhou People' s Management of Eastern Territories 

Abstract：The eastward spread of Western Zhou culture was a crucial element of the Zhou people' s strategic plan for the Eastern Territories. Following its introduction, Western Zhou culture profoundly transformed the cultural landscape and patterns of the region. Local cultures such as Yi and Shang evolved into representative cultural types of the ruled class, with their presence and distribution continually shifting. As the dominant cultural force, Zhou culture further developed and expanded, gradually giving rise to new regional cultures— including Qi, Lu, Ju, and Lai—through processes of exchange and integration with local traditions.

FU Longteng............................................93 

Archaeological Study of Eastern Han Dynasty Huangchang Stone Tombs 

Abstract：Based on tomb structure and the application of Huangchang stones, the architectural forms of Huangchang stone tombs can be categorized into three types: A, B, and C. When combined with the shapes and inscriptions of the Huangchang stones, the production and management systems of these building materials can likewise be classified into three corresponding categories. By considering architectural form, material production, and management systems together, four levels of tomb owners can be identified, reflecting a hierarchy of status from high to low. The various types of Huangchang stone tombs from the Eastern Han Dynasty can trace their formal and technical origins to different stone-built tomb types of the Western Han period. Among them, the highest-ranked Type A tomb represents a synthesis of multiple tomb styles.

CAI Hongyan & LIU Yuli.....................102 

Notes on the Interpretation of Newly Discovered Bronze Inscriptions in Luoyang 

Abstract：The Western Zhou 'De' bronze jue and the Warring States period 'Zhaishi' goose-headed curved-neck bronze pot were both unearthed in Luoyang and are currently housed in the Museum of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology. The 'De' jue is an early Western Zhou vessel with the inscription 'De'， a personal name, cast under its handle. The 'Zhaishi' goose-headed curved-neck pot is a late Warring States Qin state artifact, with a seven-character inscription vertically engraved on its ring foot, in which 'Zhai Shi' refers to the Zhai clan. The inscription also records the pot’s own weight. The discovery of these two inscribed bronze vessels provides valuable materials for studying the script, history, surnames, and measurement systems of the Western Zhou and Warring States periods.

XIE Yichen...............................................107 

A Study on Han Dynasty Bronze Keys 

Abstract： This article identifies various components of a single object by analyzing archaeologically excavated hollow square tubes, tenon-shaped inner cores, and lotus-root-shaped elements, in conjunction with epigraphic evidence. These components are determined to be parts of a Han Dynasty lock mechanism known as the Jian. In this lockset, the hollow square tube functions as the lock casing, the tenon-shaped inner core as the internal mechanism, and the lotus-root-shaped piece as the key. This type of lock, primarily used to secure door bolts, required coordination with additional wooden mechanisms, forming a composite bronze-wood pin lock. During the Han period, locks and keys were managed by personnel of different ranks or roles, indicating the presence of a formal administrative system. Finally, this study attempts to reconstruct the operational mechanism of the bronze Jian, proposing two possible configurations: horizontal and vertical.

ZHAO Qing............................................116 

An Examination of Gilded Bronze Statues Unearthed at Baijiakou, Xi' an 

Abstract：In 1955, a hoard of gilded bronze Buddhist statues from the Tang Dynasty was unearthed at a construction site for the Baijiakou Grain Depot in the northern suburbs of Xi' an. Currently, 52 small-scale gilded bronze statues are housed in the Shaanxi History Museum. These include standing Buddhas, seated Buddhas in full lotus position, standing and semi-seated bodhisattvas, as well as standing and semi-seated monks. The iconographic subjects represented include Bhaiṣajyaguru（the Medicine Buddha）, Avalokiteśvara, and Kṣitigarbha. Stylistically dated to the late 7th to early 8th century, these exquisitely crafted sculptures exemplify the high artistic achievements of Tang Dynasty Buddhist art in the Chang’an region. The discovery is located near the former sites of Qianfu Temple and Fulin Temple, both active during the Tang period, leading scholars to suggest that the hoard was buried during the Huichang Persecution of Buddhism in 845 CE.

JI Duxue...................................................125 

Discussion on the Dating of the No. 1 Shipwreck at the Northwestern Slope of the South China Sea 

Abstract：This paper proposes that the Northwest Lupo No. 1 shipwreck likely dates to the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. This conclusion is based on the association between Jiajing-period artifacts recovered from Ming tombs in Fuyu, Jilin, and Luoyang, Henan, and similar relics found in the shipwreck. By comparing the shipwreck’s artifacts with a range of archaeologically dated shipwrecks, tombs, and marked artifacts, it is inferred that the ship dates from the late Jiajing to the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty. This dating aligns closely with the inscription“Bingyinnianzao”（made in the year of Bingyin, 1566）found on the bottom of a red and green bowl unearthed from the shipwreck. Therefore, the Northwest Lupo No. 1 may represent one of the earliest ships to sail following the Ming Dynasty' s maritime opening, making it highly significant for the study of China' s diplomatic history and maritime trade.

SU Yue et al. .........................................135 

Scientific Analysis of Sui Dynasty Ceramics Unearthed from the Northern Section of Shuyuan Street at the Shangcheng Site in Zhengzhou

Abstract：The northern section of Shuyuan Street within the Zhengzhou Shangcheng site is located in Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. From the Sui–Tang cultural layers, a collection of celadon, white porcelain, and tea-dust-glazed wares was unearthed. This study employs a range of analytical techniques—including a super-depth-of-field microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence（XRF）spectrometer, X-ray diffraction（XRD）analyzer, and thermal expansion analyzer—to examine the surface morphology, chromatic properties, firing temperature, and compositional data of these ceramics. The results indicate that these ceramics were fired no later than the Sui Dynasty, placing them in a critical period for the origin of white porcelain. Comparative analysis of the XRF data with white porcelain from contemporary kiln sites suggests that these wares were likely produced at the Gongyi kiln in Henan Province. The scientific analysis of ceramics unearthed in the northern section of Shuyuan Street provides theoretical support for understanding the raw material and technological advancements in early white porcelain production. Furthermore, tracing their provenance contributes to reconstructing the production and trade networks of white porcelain in Henan during the Sui Dynasty.