ZHANG Dapeng & XIONG Zenglong.............................84 

A Reassessment of the Decorative Styles of Painted Pottery in the Hongshan Culture 

Abstract：About 6500 years ago，the colored pottery culture originating from the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China had an impact on the West Liao River basin and even the Northeast region，especially in the formation and development of the Hongshan culture. This article takes the decorative style of Hongshan Culture painted pottery as the starting point， focusing on reinterpreting the elements， themes， and composition，and re exploring the evolution process of Hongshan Culture painted pottery decoration. It is believed that from the middle period onwards，the Hongshan Culture’s painted pottery absorbed the traditional factors of the Hougang Phase I culture，Dongzhuang type，and Miaodigou type of foreign cultures. In the process of“breaking rebuilding reshaping”local cultural traditions，painted pottery played a crucial role.

MENG Tian & ZHANG Aibing............................................92 

Preliminary Study of Painted Pottery of the Yangshao Culture Excavated from the Lingjiatan Site 

Abstract：Since 2014, painted pottery has been unearthed at the Lingjiatan site, including significant finds from a sacrificial pit, such as a painted pottery bottle featuring overlapping arc patterns in black on a white ground. Additional discoveries include fragments of red pottery gourd bottle mouths and a jar rim decorated with petal patterns in black on a white ground, recovered from the inner trench. Preliminary research dates the arc-patterned gourd-shaped vase and the petal-patterned jar to the middle phase of the Miaodigou Type, approximately 5,600–5,500 years ago. The arc-patterned bottle likely reflects the influence of the Yangshao Culture, particularly the Banpo and Miaodigou types, or may have originated directly from Yangshao cultural traditions. Similarly, the petal-patterned jar also appears to be influenced by, or derived directly from, the Miaodigou type of the Yangshao Culture.

LI Xiaolong & QIAN Shiyu.................................................101 

A Preliminary Discussion on Front-Hall-and-Back-Room Type Ground Structures in the Late Neolithic Period of the Loess Plateau 

Abstract：Front-hall-rear-chamber ground structures were a type of high-status architecture that emerged on the Loess Plateau during the late Neolithic period. These buildings can be further classified into three types, all sharing key features: a north-south orientation, axial symmetry, an open front-hall space, and a relatively enclosed rear chamber. Based on structural and morphological changes, two developmental phases can be identified: an independent form during the late Yangshao period and a composite form during the Longshan period. Over time, architectural styles evolved from diverse forms to a more unified configuration. In the late Yangshao period, these buildings served multifunctional public and social purposes. During the Longshan period, as social roles became more specialized, architectural spaces expanded accordingly. As an important component of the so-called“Western-style”（Xitu）architectural tradition, these buildings exerted a lasting influence on subsequent architectural forms.

ZONG Tianyu et al.  .............................................................110 

Analysis of Soil Sources Used in Stone Masonry Construction at the Shimao Site 

Abstract：This study utilizes 3D depth-of-field microscopy, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, and laser particle size analysis to investigate the sources and processing methods of construction soil used in the masonry structures at the Shimao Site. The results indicate that the primary mineral components of the construction soil are quartz, calcite, feldspar, and muscovite. The composition and structural characteristics closely align with those of the local natural soil, suggesting a local origin and subsequent processing prior to use. The builders of Shimao employed differentiated construction strategies, adapting techniques and soil treatment methods to meet the varying demands for quantity, mechanical strength, and aesthetic appearance across different parts of the architectural structures.

ZHU Jin......................................................................................119 

On the Origin and Development of the Fengshu System of Ancient Mausoleums 

Abstract： The fengshu （mound-and-tree） system was a key component of ancient Chinese tomb architecture, encompassing three main functions: serving as a symbolic marker, expressing social hierarchy, and delineating the boundaries of the tomb precinct （zhaoyu）. Tomb markers first emerged in the mid-Neolithic period with the appearance of clan cemeteries. Both feng （earthen mound） and shu （tree planting）served as forms of identification, and their combination during the Warring States period became a prominent expression of royal authority in tomb complexes. In the pre-Qin period, above-ground tomb structures were not used for ritual purposes but functioned as indicators of burial identity, social status, and spiritual service to the deceased. After the Han Dynasty, the meaning of fengshu expanded: while continuing to denote tomb rank and status, the planting of cypress trees increasingly served to demarcate the tomb precinct and evoke a solemn atmosphere.

ZHU Xuewen...........................................................................127 

A Study of the Lacquered Ear Cup Unearthed from the Tomb of King Wu in Huainan 

Abstract：The Tomb of Wuwangdun in Huainan, Anhui Province is a large, high-level Chu state tomb scientifically excavated to date. It has yielded a vast quantity and rich variety of cultural relics. Among them, the lacquer ear-cup bearing dated inscriptions holds particularly valuable information and academic significance.Through the interpretation of the inscription of this lacquer ear cup, it reflects the situation of the production and management of lacquerware of the central government’s handicraft industry in the late Warring States period, as well as the changes of political ecology and regional cultural exchanges between the Qin state and the Chu state.

WU Gongxiang.......................................................................132 

On the Basket-Shaped“Incense Burner”Unearthed from Sun-Wu and Western Jin Tombs 

Abstract：In tombs dating to the Sun-Wu period and the Western Jin Dynasty in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a type of vessel with a perforated cover has been unearthed, made of either pottery or porcelain. Most excavation reports and briefings have referred to this artifact as an“incense burner”or“smoker,”naming it based on an assumed function. However, an analysis of its archaeological context and associated assemblages suggests that this interpretation is likely inaccurate. Instead, the vessel appears to have functioned as a daily-use basket—specifically a kitchen utensil—used to hold small items such as ear cups, plates, and spoons, with the primary purpose of draining water.

LIU Heng..................................................................................140 

A Study of Two Newly Acquired Tang Dynasty Tri-Color Glazed Tianwang Figurines at the Henan Museum

Abstract：The Henan Museum has recently acquired two new Tang sancai（three-colored glazed）Tianwang figurines. Based on the relative heights of tomb guardian beasts, civil and military official figurines, and Tianwang figurines found in the same tomb—as well as variations in the wings of the guardian beasts and the crowns of the civil officials—the tomb is dated to around the year 716. Such figurines are rarely unearthed from Tang tombs in the Luoyang area. By referencing Buddhist sculptures, stone carvings, and mural imagery, the two figurines can be reconstructed as representations of a bow-wielding Tianwang and a sword-wielding Tianwang.